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「ギルバート発生生物学 第2版」FURTHER DEVELOPMENT

1.1 When Does a Human Become a Person?

1.2 The Cell Biology of Cell Mitosis and Embryonic Cleavage

1.3 Epigenesis and Preformationism

1.4 Conklin's Art and Science

1.5 Important Transitions in Animal Evolution

1.6 The Developmental Evolution of Life

1.7 The origins of gastrulation

2.1 The Germ Plasm Theory

2.2 Squeezing the Conditions of Specification

2.3 A Rainbow of Cell Identities

3.1 Genomic Equivalence and Cloning

3.2 The Mediator Complex: Linking Enhancer and Promoter.pdf

3.3 Combinatorial Association

3.4 The Mechanisms of DNA Methylation: Flipping the On/Off Switch for Transcription with the Fifth Base, 5-Methylcytosine

3.5 Mechanisms of DNA Methylation During Genomic Imprinting

3.6 DNA Methylation and Genomic Imprinting

3.7 Poised Chromatin

3.8 Chromatin Diminution

3.9 The Nuclear Envelope's Role in Gene Regulation

3.10 Insulators: Protecting Genomic Areas from Transcription Factor Binding

3.11 Transcription Factors with the Power to Cure Diabetes

3.12 Control of Early Development by Nuclear RNA Selection

3.13 So You Think You Know What a Gene Is?

3.14 Splicing Enhancers and Recognition Factors

3.15 Translational Regulation in Frogs and Flies

3.16 Ribosomal Selectivity: Selective Activation of mRNA Translation

3.17 Learn How a Mutation in a 3′ UTR Results in Bulging Biceps in Beef

3.18 Control of RNA Expression by Cytoplasmic Localization

3.19 Stored mRNA in Brain Cells

3.21 In Situ Hybridization

3.22 Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing (ChIP-Seq)

3.23 Deep Sequencing: RNA-Seq

3.24 CRISPR/CAS9 Genome Editing

3.25 The GAL4-UAS System

3.26 The CRE-LOX System

Other new ch03 FDOs.pdf

4.1 Type, Timing, and Border Formation

4.2 Shape Change and Epithelial Morphogenesis: "The Force Is Strong in You"

4.3 Integrins and Cell Death

4.4 From Feathers to Claws and Frogs to Newts: Further Your Understanding of Induction and Competence

4.5 The Insect Trachea: Combining Inductive Signals with Cadherin Regulation

4.6 Downstream Events of the FGF Signal Transduction Cascade

4.7 FGF Receptor Mutations

4.8 Endosome Internalization: Morphogen Gradients Can Be Created by Literally Passing from One Cell to Another

4.9 Notch Mutations

4.10 Hippo Signaling: An Integrator of Pathways

5.1 Drosophila Testes Stem Cell Niche

5.2 The Subgranular Zone Niche

5.3 Just Another Notch on the Clock during Neurogenesis in the V-SVZ

5.4 Were HSCs Somehow Born from Bone to then Reside in the Marrow?

5.6 A Discussion of the Challenges Using ESCs

6.1 Sex Determination and Social Perceptions

6.2 Finding the Elusive Testis-determining Factor

6.3 Genes Controlled by Sry and Sox9

6.4 The Origins of Genitalia

6.5 Dosage Compensation

6.6 Descent of the Testes

6.7 Brain, Sex, and Gender

6.8 Brain Sex in Drosophila

6.9 Theodor Boveri and the Formation of the Germ Line

6.10 Modifications of Meiosis: Parthenogenesis

7.1_Early History of Fertilization

7.2 The Egg and Its Environment

7.3_Mechanisms of Echinoderm Sperm Chemotaxis

7.4 Sea Urchin Acrosome Reaction and Sperm Binding

7.5 Blocks to Polyspermy: The Fertilization Reaction in Echinarachnius Parma

7.6 Rules of Evidence: Calcium ions and fertilization

7.7 The IP3 Pathway Activates the Egg

7.8 Elements of the Sperm Activate Mammalian Eggs

7.9 The Non-equivalence of Mammalian Pronuclei

7.10 A Social Critique of Fertilization Research

8.1 Haeckel's Invagination and Metchnikoff's Ingression

8.2 Confinement of the choanoflagellate S. rosetta

8.3 Autonomous Specification versus Inductive Interactions

FDO 8.1._ART.pdf

9.1 A Classic Paper Links Genes and Development

9.2 The Snail Fate Map Sturtevant and the genetics of snail coiling

9.3 The Role of the Polar Lobe in Cell Specification

9.4 Altering Evolution by Altering Cleavage Patterns: An Example from a Bivalve Mollusk

9.5 Heterochronic Genes and the Control of Larval Stages

9.6 Defining the role of SKN-1 and PAL-1 in early cell specification in C. elegans

9.7 Integration of Autonomous and Conditional Specification: Differentiation of the C. Elegans Pharynx

10.1 Drosophila Fertilization

10.2 Mechanisms of the Drosophila Midblastula Transition

10.3 Anterior-Posterior Polarity in the Oocyte

10.4 Insect Signaling Centers

10.5 mRNA Localization in the Anterior and Posterior Poles of the Oocyte

10.6 What Genes Make a Fly's head? Bicoid Plus Hunchback Equal a Buttonhead

10.7 The Terminal Gene Group

10.8 Defects of the Fushi Tarazu Mutant Embryo

10.9 FLYING "WINGLESS": Discover cell specification by the Wingless/Hedgehog signaling center

10.10 Initiation and Maintenance of Homeotic Gene Expression.pdf

10.11.Torpedoes Away: The Downstream Signaling Events

10.12 Effects of the Dorsal Protein Gradient

10.13 The Right-Left Axes

10.14 Early Development of Other Insects

11.1 Urchins in the Lab

11.2 Axis Specification in Sea Urchin Embryos

11.3 The Echinobase of Sea Urchin Development

11.4 How to Specify Yourself

11.5 Evolution by Subroutine Co-option

11.6 The Search for the Myogenic Factor

11.7 Specification of the Larval Axes in Tunicate Embryos

11.8 Gastrulation in Tunicates

12.1 Mechanisms of the MBT by Chromatin Modifications

12.2 Separating and guiding with cadherins and calcium

12.3 Migration of the Mesodermal Mantle

12.4 Play Mix and Match with Vegetal Blastomeres to Prove the Inductive Power of the Nieuwkoop Center

12.5 The Experiments That Confirmed Ectodermal Bias

12.6 Frzb, Dickkopf, Notum, and Tiki: More Ways to Block Wnts

12.7 Gradients and Hox gene expression in Xenopu

12.8 Stretching the zebrafish epiblast cells generates mesoderm

12.9 Fish Signals Are Like Amphibian Signals

12.10 Anterior-Posterior Axis Formation in Zebrafish

13.1 The Extraembryonic Membranes

13.2 Molecular Mechanisms of Migration through the Primitive Streak

13.3 Epigenetic Regulation of Histone States Is Required for the Maternal to Zygotic Transition in the Mouse

13.4 The Role of Hippo Signaling during Trophoblast-ICM Determination

13.5 Mechanisms of Compaction and Formation of the Inner Cell Mass

13.6 Escape from the Zona Pellucida and Implantation

13.7 Placental Formation and Functions

13.8 Anterior-Posterior Patterning by FGF and RA Gradients

14.1 Completing the first meiotic division

14.1_FIGURE 14.4

14.2 X chromosome inactivation

14.3 THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE

14.4 The placenta and the integration of mother and fetus

14.5 The IVF procedure: In Vitro fertilization procedure and risks

14.6 Case study: Achondroplasia, a common dominantly inherited trait

14.7 Preimplantation Genetics

14.8 Retinoic acid and glyphosate as teratogens

14.9 Minamata Syndrome

14.10 The Developmental Origins of Adult Human Disease

14.11 DDT as Endocrine Disruptor

15.1 Molecular Regulation of Hinge Point Formation

15.2 The Biomechanics of Neural Fold Zippering Revealed by the Ancestral Chordate

15.3 Closure at the Junction: A Human Avian Connection

15.4 Dividing the Central Nervous System

15.5 Specifying the Brain Boundaries

15.6 Transcriptional Cross-Repression by the Downstream Shh and TGF-β Effector Proteins

15.7 GLI Activation

16.1 A Primer on the basic Anatomy and Function of Neurons and Glia

16.2 The Scaffolding of the Bergmann Glia in the Cerebellum

16.3 Horizontal and Vertical Specification of the Cerebrum

16.4 Neuronal Growth and the Invention of Childhood

16.5 Speech, Language, and the FOXP2 Gene

16.6 Identifying the Genes that Make the Human Brain

16.7 Human Enhancement with the Loss of an Enhancer

17.1 Learn How These Four Pioneer Transcription Factors Differentiate Neural Crest Cell Fates

17.2 Induced Neural Crest Cells

17.3 Cell Differentiation in the Ventral Pathway

17.4 GDNF and Hirschsprung Disease

17.5 Intramembranous Bone and the Role of Neural Crest in Building the Head Skeleton

17.6 Coordination of Face and Brain Growth

17.7 Why Birds Don't Have Teeth

17.8 The Evolution of Developmental Neurobiology

17.8.1 Viktor Hamburger

17.8.2 Rita Levi-Montalcini

17.9 Primer on the Molecular Anatomy of the Growth Cone

17.10 "Plus Tips" and Actin-Microtubule Interactions during Growth Cone Guidance

17.11 Turning the Growth Cone Requires Membrane Endocytosis

17.12 The Classic Example of Semaphorin Mediated Repulsion of the Grasshopper Sensory Axon

17.13 Early Evidence for Chemotaxis

17.14 Intraretinal Guidance: How Do RGC Axons Even Leave the Eye in the Right Place?

17.15 How Does an Ipsilateral RGC Axon Interpret Ephrin and Shh as a Signal Not to Cross?

17.16 BMP4 and Trigeminal Ganglion Neurons

17.17 A Program of Cell Death

17.18 The Uses of Apoptosis

17.19 Differential Survival after Innervation: The Role of Neurotrophins

17.20 The Development of Behaviors: Constancy and Plasticity

18.1 The Human Cranial Nerves

18.2 Kallmann Syndrome

18.3 Cell Fate Determination in the Organ of Corti of the Mouse Ear

18.4 The Autonomous Development of the Optic Cup

18.5 Lens and Cornea Differentiation

18.6 Neural Retina Differentiation

18.7 Why Babies Don't See Well

18.8 Recombination of Mammary Gland Epithelium Reveals Sex-Based Differences in its Development

18.9 The Ectodysplasin Pathway and Mutations of Hair Development

18.10 Normal Variation in Human Hair Production

18.11 The Hair Follicle Niche: Its Role in Baldness and Long Lashes

19.1 Notch Signaling and Somite Formation

19.2 Formation of the Dorsal Aorta

19.3 Osteogenesis: The Development of Bones

19.4 Paracrine Factors, Their Receptors, and Human Bone Growth

19.5 Maturation of Muscle

20.1 The Metanephric Mesenchyme Secretes

20.3 Molecular Mechanisms of Heart Development in the Tunicate Ciona

20.4 A Gene Regulatory Network at the Heart of Cardiogenic Mesoderm Specification

20.5 Fusion of the Heart and the First Heartbeats

20.6 A Self-Sustaining Gene Regulatory Network Differentiates the Heart

20.7 Changing Heart Anatomy at Birth

20.8 Constraints on the Formation of Blood Vessels

20.9 VEGF and Your Green Tea Diet

20.10 Arterial, Venous, and Lymphatic Vessels

21.1 Homology Between the Limb Buds of Fish and Tetrapods

21.2 Induction of and by the AER

21.3 Alternative Views on the Dual Gradient Model: Can a Single Gradient Do the Job?

21.4 From Humans to Cats, an Natural Gain of Shh Function: The Extra Toes Mutation

21.5 Continued Limb Growth: Epiphyseal Plates

21.6 Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors: Dwarfism

21.7 Growth Hormone and Estrogen Receptors

21.8 Dinosaurs and Chicken Fingers

FDO 19.02.pdf

FDO 19.03.pdf

22.1 A Model for a Hierarchical Dichotomous System for Determining Cell Types

22.2 Lung Development as Initiating Birth

23.1 Biochemical Respecification in the Liver

23.2 Differential Tissue Responses to Thyroid Hormones

23.3 Variations on the Themes of Amphibian Metamorphosis

23.4 Insect Metamorphosis

23.4.1 Hormonal Control of Insect Metamorphosis

23.4.2 Remodeling the Insect Central Nervous System

23.4.3 Microarray Analysis Of Drosophila Metamorphosis

23.5 Parasitoid Wasp Development

23.6 Identification of 20-Hydroxyecdysone as a Metamorphic Transcriptional Regulator

23.7 Understanding the Different Effects of 20E

23.8 Precocenes and Synthetic JH

23.9 Homologous Specification

23.10 Metamorphosis of the Pluteus Larva

24.1 A "PLETHORA" of Controls

24.2 A LATERAL ROOT WAY TO BE CALL(O)US

24.3 Epigenetic Control of Plant Regeneration

24.4 The Organizing Properties of Hypostome

24.5 Ethel Browne and the Organizer

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